Understanding and overcoming depression: causes, symptoms and treatment options

Causes of depression Genetic factors Studies show that people with a family history of depression have a higher risk of developing it themselves. Genetic predispositions can be inherited and play a significant role in the development of depression. Biochemical imbalances in the brain An imbalance of certain neurotransmitters, such as serotonin and noradrenaline, can cause depressive symptoms. Medications that keep these chemicals in balance are helpful in the treatment of depression. Life events such as trauma or loss Traumatic experiences such as abuse, neglect or severe loss increase the risk of depression. Such events can have long-lasting emotional effects and cause mental health problems. Symptoms of depression Depression and numbness of emotions People suffering from depression often feel depressed, sad and empty for long periods. These emotions can severely affect everyday life, and interest in previous activities diminishes. Sleep disorders and listlessness Sleep problems such as insomnia or a strong need for sleep are common symptoms of depression. Those affected often complain of exhaustion and tiredness, even if they get enough sleep. Loss of interest and social withdrawal People with depression often lose interest in hobbies, social activities and interpersonal relationships. Withdrawal from the social environment and isolation are typical behavioural patterns in depressive illnesses. Treatment options for depression Psychotherapy helps those affected to recognise and change negative thought patterns. Counselling therapy offers a safe space to talk about emotions and problems. Drug treatment In more severe forms of depression, medication, particularly antidepressants, is prescribed to regulate the neurochemical balance in the brain. Complementary approaches: Regular physical activity alone is 60% as effective as medication. Relaxation techniques also help to alleviate depressive symptoms and improve well-being.